영어문법 현재 완료와 과거 완료 시제

 

 

현재 완료 진행 시제 

현재 완료 진행 시제:

과거에 진행한 일이 지금까지도 진행될 때 현재 완료 진행 시제 

예문:
she has been waiting for an hour.


현재 완료 진행  -> Have + been + ing 
예문: 
Navy is still on the phone. She has been talking for two hours.
We have been saving a lot of money since last year.
I have not been working for the past few days.
What has Kevin been doing lately?

 

현재 완료 진행
for, since, how long 와 주로 사용	Let's go to the mall. I have not been shopping for four weeks. My neighbor's dog has been barking since 6 a.m. It is so annoying. How long have you been attending the art school?

 

현재 완료 진행
끝났어도, 영향 미치면, 사용가능	Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? Yes. I failed my exam again. The children have been playing in the mud. Their shoes are dirty. Why is Scott upset? He has been arguing with his roommate. You are sweating. I have been exercising.

 

현재 완료 진행 사용 불가 동사

Patricia and I knew each other since high school. My mother believed in me. She always supports my decisions.

 

 

 

현재 완료 vs 현재 완료 진행 

현재 완료 결과에 포커스 맞춤.	He has fixed his computer. It works now.
현재 완료 진행  과정에 포커스 맞춤.	He has been fixing his computer for 2 hours. He is tired.

 

현재 완료: 결과 중심

예문:
Finally I have done my homework. Now I can help you with the laundry.
Elizabeth has made some delicious tomato soup. Would you like to try some?
The workers have completed the construction. We can use that road now.

 

현재 완료 진행: 과정 중심

예문:
I have been doing my homework since 3 o'clock. I need a break.
Maria has been cleaning the house all morning and she has still not finished.
Why are you and Jane laughingˀ?  Oh. We have been watching a comedy show.

 

현재 완료 (계속 용법) = 현재 완료 진행 
둘 다 가능한 경우 

현재 완료 계속 용법 = 현재 완료 진행
She has lived here for 2 years.= She has been living here for 2 years.
For + 기간
Since + 과거시점
How long ~?

예문: 
I have lived in this house for a long time.
= I have been living in this house for a long time.

Have you studied Russian for many years?
= Have you been studying Russian for many years?

I have takenthis medicine for several days.
= I have been taking this medicine for several days.

How long has Gina practiced ballet?
= How long has Gina been practicing ballet?

 

현재완료만 가능( 현재 완료 경험 용법/ 결과 용법)

예문:
Do you want some more wine?
No. I have had three glasses already.
How many times has Peter run a marathon?
Just twice so far.

 

 

과거 완료 시제 

과거 완료란?
과거보다 먼저 발생한 대과거 

과거 완료 시제  When he got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.

Had +pp 
예문: 
The mechanics still had not fixed my car when I returned to eh repair shop.
Jack found his hat, but he had already bought a new one.
My parents went to India last year. They had not been there before. 
According to the news, the thief had robbed six banks when the police finally caught him. 

 

 

과거 완료 vs 그냥 과거 

과거 완료 과거 기준 시점 전 에 발생한 일	When I went outside, ...the rain had already stopped. We had already been married for a year when we graduated from college.
그냥 과거  과거 기준 시점 후에 발생한 일	When I went outside, I saw a rainbow.  We graduated from college an then we got jobs.

 

Before/ after와 함께 쓸 때
과거 완료 -> 과거로 사용 가능

I had called Dave before I went to his house.
= I called Dave before I went to his house.

After the guests had finished their steak, the waiters served dessert.
= After the guests finished their steak, the waiters served dessert.

 

 

정리 

현재 완료 진행 공식	have been + ing
현재완료	For + 기간 since + 과거시점
현재완료 경험	How many times
현재 완료 진행 현재완료 진행 계속	How long
현재완료 경험	Once, twice, times
과거 시점 전의 과거에는 과거 완료 과거 시점 후의 과거에는 과거

2024.10.28 - [영어] - 영어 문법 현재 완료와 과거 시제 비교

영어 문법 현재 완료와 과거 시제 비교

2024.10.24 - [영어] - 영어문법 과거 시제와 과거 진행 시제 | used to | when | while

영어문법 과거 시제와 과거 진행 시제 | used to | when | while