영어 문법 현재 완료와 과거 시제 비교

 

 

현재완료 시제 

현재 완료 시제란?

과거부터 현재까지 쭉 살아왔다. 
I had lived in this city for 15 days.

현재 완료 의문문 
Have (has) + 주어 + 과거분사 PP(past participle) ~?

계속 용법      Cindy has studied cancer for decades.
경험 용법      She has worked at a library before.
결과 용법      She has gone to Paris.

 

 

동사의 3단 변화 현재 - 과거 - 과거분사
A - B - B 형	Ex) want - wanted - wanted
A - B - C 형	Ex) rise - rose - risen
A - B - A 형	Ex) come - came - come
A - A - A 형	Ex) put - put - put

 

 

For   vs   Since

For [동안] + 기간 (명사)	I have owned this camera for four years. Luke has not watched TV for a few days. Cindy has studied cancer for decades.
Since [~이래로] + 과거 시점 / 주어 + 과거 동사  전치사 + 명사 + 접속사	I have owned camera since 2010. Robert has wanted to be a lawyer since he was a little boy. She has not attended classes since Tuesday. Bob has felt sick since lunchtime. Since we had our baby, we have not slept very well.  I always take my bike to work. I have ridden it to the office every days since bought it.

 

현재완료의 경험 용법. ~ 해본 적이 있다.	She has worked at a library before.
현재완료의 경험 용법과 같이 쓰는 표현들	Have you ever read Romeo and Juliet? No, I have not. No, I have never read it. No, I have not read it yet. No, I have not read it before. Yes, I have read it once/twice/three(many) times.
경험용법 기타 표현 The best ~ I have ever ...	Thanks so much for the new watch. It is the best present I have ever received. The best pizz I have ever tasted was at Gusto Pizzeria.

 

 

Have been   vs   Have gone 

She has gone to Paris. (Out of my life)   결과용법
She has been to Paris. (before)    경험용법 

Tony has been to the new stadium. Let's ask him for directions.
I have not been to campus for a while because I am taking a year off.
Terry has gone to Denmark. He has not here anymore.

 

 

현재완료와 과거시제 비교 

It started snowing two days ago. 과거시제
It is still snowing. 현재 진행
It has snowed for three days. 현재완료

 

 

현재완료	과거 ~ 현재까지   현재의 상황도 알 수 있음.	The train has arrived at the station. (지금 역에 있음) We have moved the bookshelf upstairs. I have deleted the file from mu computer.
과거 시제	과거에 대해서만   현재에 대해서는 알 수 없음.	The trian arrived at the station two minutes ago. We moved the bookshelf upstairs yesterday. I deleted the file after I printed it.

 

 

현재완료	For + 기간 계속 Since + 과거 계속  Since + 주어 + 과거동사 계속 Before , ever, never, yet  경험 This morning / week / month, today (아직 끝나지 않은 시점에서) 경험	Anna has used the same cell phone for six years. It is so old. Have you checked the mail todayˀ? No, yet. We have not eaten meat since 2003. Mu car has broken down twice this week.
과거시제	Yesterday  Last night / month/ week in + 과거 시점 ~ago	Did you check the mail yesterday? I raised a cat when I was young. Mr.Parker was one of my employees a year ago. Now he owns a business. I am tired because I did not sleep well last night. The movie began five minutes ago. Columbus discovered America in 1492.

 

현재완료와 과거에 모두 쓰는 표현 (의미 차이 없음) Just (방금) already (벌써)   yet (아직) recently (최근에)

Our team has just won the game!  = Our team just won the game! Steve has already opened his birthday presents. = Steve already opened his birthday presents. Have you met your new boss yet? = Did you meet your new boss yet? I have not made my vacation plans yet. = I did not make my vacation plans yet.

 

 

현재완료와 과거시제 정리 

현재완료 계속 용법	for + 기간 since + 과거시점 (동사과거시제)
가본적 있다 가고 없다	have been have gone
과거시제	Yesterday, last night, ages, in 1492
과거시제, 현재 완료시제	Just, already, yet