조동사 must | should | had better

 

 

조동사 must 

조동사 must 

	강한 추측	의무
Must	분명히  ~할 것이다	~해야 한다
Must not	분명히 ~가 아닐것이다	~해서는 안된다
과거형은?	Must have pp	X

 

예문: 
Terry must listen to a lot of music. His apartment is full of CDs. 추측
Your laptop still looks new. You must not use it much. 추측
The children must be excited about their trip.
They have been talking about it all morning. 

 

조동사 Must have pp

Must have pp : (과거) 분명히 ~했을 것이다.	Mark is covered in mud! He must have slipped. Wendy is still not here. She must have gotten lost. She doesn't know this are very well.
Must not have pp: (과거) ~하지 않았을 것이다.	Wendy is still not here. She must have gotten lost. She doesn't know this are very well. This shirt is dirty. I must not have washed it. My roommate must not have paid the electricity bill. The lights will not turn on.

 

 

must  might  could 비교 

Must + R 분명히 ~할 것이다 (거의 확신) 추측 (강한)	Steve must be very busy. He has worked late a lot this week.
Might, could + R ~할지도 모른다 (하지 않을 가능성도 있다)	Steve is not answering his phone. Well, he might be busy./ Well, he could be busy.
Must not + R 분명히 ~하지 않을 것이다(거의 확신)	Andrea always drives her dad's car. She must not own one.
Might not + R ~하지 않을지도 모른다 (할 가능성도 있다)	Andrea might not own a car now. She said she wanted to sell it.
Could not + R ~할 리 없다 (사실상 불가능하다)	Andrea could not own a car. She can not drive.

 

추측의 의미 

긍정  must > might=could
부정 must not = could not > might not 

She must follow the rules.
She must not feed the animals.

 

 

must  have to 비교 

Must (의무)	해야 한다 (공식적)	Have to (일상)
Must not	해선 안된다 (금지)	Do not have to
과거형은		Had to

 

must 

예문: 
Cars must stop at the red traffic light.
I must pay rent at the end of every month.
Please be quiet. You must not make noise in the library.
Students must not be late to the exam. They cannot come in after 10 a.m.

 

have to 

I don't have any clean clothes. I have to do my laundry soon.
Your dog does not have to wait outside. Dogs are welcome in this store.
Do I have to apply for the scholarship by tomorrow? No. The deadline is next Friday.
You don't have to call Mr. Watson again. I already did. 할 필요 없다.
You must not call Mr. Watson. He is in an important meeting right now. 금지

 

had to 해야 했다.

I had to finish my homework first, so I arrived at the party late yesterday.
Ms. Morgan is not in her office. She had to leave for a doctor's appointment.
I did not have to worry about the test. It was easy.
We went to the Chinese restaurant last week. Did you have to make reservation?

 

 

조동사 should 

조동사 should 

He should exercise. 

He should not eat so much. 

Should	~하는 것이 좋겠다	I sleep only three hours every night. You should sleep more! It is snowing hard. I should drive tonight. You should say "thank you" when people help you. I do not think Kim should drink so much coffee. I agree. Tommy, you should be nice to your brother. You should not fight with him. You ought to stop smoking. It is bad for you.
	과거형 should have pp
	동의어 have to / ought to
should not	~하지 않는 것이 좋겠다
	과거형 should not have pp
	동의어 ought not to
Should I / we?	~하는 것이 좋을까요?

 

Should I / we ~ˀ? ~하는 것이 좋을까요?

Should I bring anything to the party? Maybe some wine.
We have been practicing our dance for two hours. Shoul we take a break?
Where should I put the Christmas tree? In front of the window. 

Should have pp (과거에) ~했어야 했다	We should've taken the subway. The traffic is horrible today.
Should not have pp (과거에) ~하지 말았어야 했다	Do you like your new apartmentˀ? Not really. I should'nt have moved.

 

 

should  vs  must/ haveo to 

Should 권장(필수 아님)	We should attend the seminar. It will be interesting. You should wear that blue tie. It looks nice on you.
must/have to (필수)	All employees must attend the seminars. It is required. You have to wear a uniform to school. It is a rule.

 

 

had better 

had better 

Chris might fall off the ladder 

He had better be careful.

Had better ~하는 것이 좋겠다 (강한 충고)	I had better change my shirt. I dropped ketchup on it. Smoke is coming out of the photocopier. You had better call the technician. We had better not park here. The sign says "No Parking." Frank had better not jump on the bed. He might damage it.
Had better  경고	You should buy some today.(안 그럼 매진) We had better take the pie out of the oven now. I had better follow you, or I might get lost.
Should  권장, 의견	You should buy those tickets. The seats are closer to the stage. (반드시는 아니지만 그럼 좋겠다) We should take a pie to the party tonight. Mr. Park should join our golf club. He enjoys golf.

 

 

정리

	강한추측	의무
Must	분명 ~할 것이다	~해야 한다
Must not	~가 아닐 것이다	~해서는 안된다
Must have pp	~했을 것이다
Have to		~해야 한다
Had to		~해야 했다
Do not have to		~할 필요가 없다
Should = ought to		~해야 한다
Should not		~하지 않는게 좋다

2024.11.01 - [영어] - 조동사와 조동사의 과거형 can could may might

조동사와 조동사의 과거형 can could may might