영어 문법 명사 문법총정리

 

 

셀 수 있는 명사와 셀 수 없는 명사 

명사 앞에는 관사를 사용함 

셀 수 있는 명사(가산 명사)      - 단수 / 복수

셀 수 없는 명사(불가산 명사)   - 단수 

	단독 사용	a/ an	the/ my	기타	동사
cup 가산 단수	X	O	O	every	단수 동사 is
cups 가산 복수	O	X	O	many	복수 동사 are
water 불가산	O	X	O	much	단수 동사 is

 

셀 수 있는 명사 

 

cup       chair      store       dog        ant        singer       teacher      orange       apple       flower

예문:
There is a cup on the table.
Two singers are on stage.
I bought an orange and three apples.
Smell these flowers, Mary! They are so nice.

 

셀 수 없는 명사 

water       oil       rice       salt        rain        love       air       weather        music        traffic

예문:
There is water in the cup.
Love is the greatest gift.
Many people around the world eat rice.
Traffic is terrible on the weekends.

 

셀 수 있는 명사 - 단수/ 복수

단수 - a brother            the room        my bag           the child
복수 - two brothers      the rooms       my bags         children 

예문:
Ryan has a brother. His name is Nick.
The rooms at that hotel are not very clean. Do not go there.
Can you hold my bag please? I need to tie my shoes.
Children are chasing butterflies. They are trying to catch them.

관사(소유격) + 셀 수 있는 명사	Can I borrow a pencil? Sure. Look in the drawer. Rita is not going to sell her car until next year. Where can we hang our coats? Over there. Matt gave me flowers and two tickets to the ballet for my birthday. The artists are going to open a gallery together.
관사(소유격)+ 셀 수 없는 명사	Some people believe that true happiness comes from helping others. I usually use oil to fry eggs, but sometimes I use butter. I hope the weather does not get worse this week. My coffee needs sugar. It is not sweet at all.

 

명사의 단, 복 수 치급 (동사를 결정할 때)

This sofa costs too much. I do not think can buy it.
Those gloves are not big enough for my hands.
Honesty is important between friends.

 

셀 수 없는 명사를 세는 법

bread          cheese          chocolate          meat         food           ice          paper         wood
information             advice           news

예문:
This bread has cheese in it.
Paper is usually made from wood.
There is so much information on the Internet.
My cousin just told me great news. She has getting married!

 

학문명

mathematics 수학             economics 경제학                politics 정치(학)                 physics 물리학 

예문:
Mathematics is important in most fields of science.
I do not understand economics. It is too hard for me.

 

단위 명사 사용하기 

I had two cups of coffee and two slices of toast for breakfast today.
May I offer you a piece of advice? Sure.
There is going to be 50 guests, so we need about five kilos of nice.
A bottle of water costs $50 at this resort. That seems expensive.

 

의미에 따라 달라지는 명사 

light  빛 - 셀 수 없는 명사  전등 - 셀 수 있는 명사	We get a lot of light in the hallway. The lights in the hallway are on.
paper  종이 - 셀 수 없는 명사 신문 - 셀 수 있는 명사	That shop sells paper and office supplies. I read a paper on the plane this morning.
room 공간 - 셀 수 없는 명사 방 - 셀 수 있는 명사	There is no room in the fridge. Our house has three rooms and a kitchen.
time  시간 - 셀 수 없는 명사 횟수, ~번 - 셀 수 있는 명사	Kenny did not have time to do his homework yesterday. Have you been to Japan? Yes. Four times.
glass 유리 - 셀 수 없는 명사 유리잔- 셀 수 있는 명사	This bowl is made of glass. Could you get some glasses form the cabinet? Sure.
work 일 - 셀 수 없는 명사 작품 - 셀 수 있는 명사	Let's meet this weeken. Sorry, I have too much work. Oliver Twist is one of Dickens's greatest work.
hair 머리 전체 - 셀 수 없는 명사 a hair  머리카락 한 올 : 가산	Everyone in Jenny's family has blond hair. The restaurant gave me a free meal because I found a hair in my soup.

 

총칭 명사 > 셀수 없는 명사 - 물질, 무형, 총칭 

불가산 명사 (종류 전체)	가산 명사 (포함되는 품목)
furniture (가구류)	a chair, a desk, a bed, a table
jewelry(보석류)	an earring, a necklace, a ring, a bracelet
baggage/ luggage(수화물류)	a bag, a backpack, a suitcase, a handbag
money(화폐류)	a dollar, a coin, a penny, a bill
mail(우편물류)	a letter, a card, a postcard, an e-mail
예문: We bought some new furniture. It is for our living room. I need a chair and a desk for may bedroom. Do you usually wear jewelry? No. There is an earrring under the table. Is it yours? Could you lend me some money? How much do you need? I found a couple of dollars and a few coins in my pocket.

 

의미에 따라 달라지는 명사 

work(불가산) a job(가산)	How is work these days? Good, but busy. Have you found a job yet? Yes! Just yesterday.
		vocabulary 어휘 - 셀 수 없는 명사 a word 단어 - 셀 수 있는 명사	I need to study vocabulary for my Italian test. Shakespeare created more than a thousand words.
travle 여행, 이동 - 셀 수 없는 명사 a trip 여행, 관광 - 셀 수 있는 명사	Where can I find books on travle? On the second floor. Dana's family took a trip to India last year.
		homework 숙제 - 셀 수 없는 명사 an assignment 과제- 셀 수 있는 명사	Mr. Larson gives his students a lot of homework. These two assignments must be finished by Friday.
advie - 조언 - 셀 수 없는 명사  a suggestion 제안 - 셀 수 있는 명사	Tim always gives me advice, but it is not helpful. Kim made some suggestions for my wedding.
		news 소식, 뉴스 - 셀 수 없는 명사 an article 기사 - 셀 수 있는 명사	I heard you got promoted! Wow, news travels fast. There were many interesting articles in today's newspaper.
scenery 풍경 - 셀 수 없는 명사 a view 전망 - 셀 수 있는 명사	The scenery in Switzerland was amazing. Look outside! There is a lovely view of the sunset.
		food 음식 - 셀 수 없는 명사 a meal 식사, 끼니 - 셀 수 있는 명사	I ordered Chinese food. Do you want some? We are having a meal with Phillip next week.

 

 

항상 복수인 명사 

항상 복수 ( 두 개가 쌍인 경우)

scissors         jeans            pants             shorts           pajamas          glasses              binoculars

예문:
Can you pass me the scissors? Sure.
These pants feel really comfortable. You should buy these too.
I did not know you wore glasses. Only for reading.
I have had my blue jeans since I was in hig school. 

>> "쌍"을 이루는 명사가 주어일 때 : 복수 취급
Your shorts look nice. Where did you get them? At the department store.
Pajamas were on sale at L-mart. They only cost $20.
He brought two pairs of binoculars to the football game. 
Doris gave her sister a pair of jeans because they did not fit ther anymore.

 

항상 복수로 쓰는 명사 

belongings 소지품           clothes 옷             congratulations 축하          goods 상품          surroundings 주위 환경

예문:
Make sure to take all your belongings with you when you exit the train.
Your room is a mess. Put away your clothes.
Jim and Lisa are having a baby. Give them my congratulations.
This lake is beautiful. The surroundings seem perfect for hiking.

>> 항상 복수 명사들은 복수 취급

The goods were imported from China. They are sold for 5 dollars.

Phil's apartment is great, but the surroundings are noisy. It is by a highway.

 

집합 명사는 주로 단수 형태/ 단수 동사 

family 가족           class 학습           team팀            staff 직원            audience 청중
crowd 무리           committee 위원회

예문:
My family is going to Greece next summer.
Jerry's class has only 12 students in tir. He goes to a very small school.
The city's baseball team has not improved much over the past two years.
You should stay at Hotel Valencia. The staff there provides excellent service. 

 

police 는 항상 복수 취급 / 한 명은 a poice officer 

The poice have been looking for a man in a red jacket.
Why are the police standing outside? There was a robbery.
Maria did not want her son to become a police officer. She thought the job was too dangerous. 

 

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